12. SOLID-STATE LIGHTING (SSL)

The objective of this topic is to more fully engage small business in the application of key technologies to advance selected solid-state lighting ( SSL ) products to market.  By overcoming technical and design challenges that today restrict the application of SSL to applications largely outside the realm of general illumination; the DOE hopes to further the performance parameters of this emerging technology.

Grant applications are sought to develop SSL products made from light emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and off-grid SSL products.  All applications must include:  (1) a detailed product development plan that results in the introduction of a commercially viable product at the conclusion of Phase III; and a clear description of how the preliminary concept feasibility proven in Phase I will lead to a more advanced product developed during Phase II and ultimately, in commercialization during Phase III; and (2) a detailed energy conservation comparison that numerically illustrates exactly how the proposed product will offer an energy efficient alternative to a product currently serving the general illumination market within the U.S. commercial or residential buildings sector or on relevant properties.  Preference will be given to commercialization plans that emphasize domestic manufacturing and/or use of domestic components and labor.  Applications that fail to address all of the above criteria will not be considered for award.

Grant applications may also be submitted to address contributing scientific issues that are thought to limit the attainment of the DOE’s goals for SSL .  These applications need not include the detailed commercialization strategy required for product development proposals.

Grant applications are sought only in the following subtopics:

a. SSL Products made from Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)—A wide variety of useful products such as traffic signals, emergency lighting, flashlights, key fobs, small display backlights and consumer electronics are presently manufactured that take advantage of the performance advancements made by LED manufacturers.  While a few products such as task lights, under cabinet lighting or other niche applications are currently in the stream of U.S. commerce and are commercially viable general illumination products that, in some instances do save energy, these examples are few.  Grant applications are sought to develop (1) low power, high light yield products; (2) high power, high brightness, high efficiency products; (3) low duty-cycle and/or monochromatic products; and (4) products that use combinations of different colors of LEDs to produce white light.  Grant applications must seek to develop new technology that offers improved efficiency and better life cycle cost when compared to existing technologies.

Questions - contact James Brodrick (james.brodrick@hq.doe.gov) 

b. SSL Products made from Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)—Today, nearly all product applications for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), Phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs), Polymeric OLEDs (POLEDs), etc., are for small area displays such as cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), vehicular audio systems or other consumer electronics.  However, recent progress in OLED technology suggests that selected general illumination applications in U.S. buildings may be possible.  While the emissive properties of OLEDs are distinctly different than for LEDs, the unique properties of OLEDs including low distributed brightness, unique color attributes and low power may be effectively used for energy conserving applications including, but not limited to emergency lighting, signage, night-lights or other conspicuity applications.  Grant applications are sought to develop viable products that use any type of OLED for an application that might be included in U.S. buildings and that reduces lighting load either by reducing total luminous output by judicious choice of spectrum or any other method.

Questions - contact James Brodrick (james.brodrick@hq.doe.gov)

c. Off-Grid SSL Products SSL devices have made a significant penetration into many product areas including general illumination applications.  The unique, low voltage power requirements of these devices are an ideal match to leading photovoltaic (PV) devices that have exhibited similar advancements in market penetration and use.  Combining these two leading emerging technologies to create useful products that do not use electric power supplied by the U.S. electric grid represents an ideal way to conserve power or to use these devices where grid power is simply not available or is of uncertain reliability.  Even illumination devices that are not of sufficient efficiency to be considered for routine use in U.S. buildings may serve to save energy by providing service that is completely removed from the grid.  While many useful products have already been introduced and are in fact, used daily (i.e., architectural and walkway lighting), there is ample room for new, imaginative product ideas that remove loads from the grid by shifting power requirements to a renewable source.  Grant applications are sought for novel products that use a combination of SSL, PV, wind and batteries.  Grant applications may include architectural facade lighting, remote outdoor lighting, marine applications, security illumination, emergency or portable lighting, or any other niche application that takes advantage of the unique properties of any or all of these emerging technologies.  Grant applications are also sought that provide novel designs of practical devices that use Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technology for the SSL source, photovoltaic collection system, batteries and controls.  The proposed devices should be cost competitive with the designs they replace and life cycle cost comparisons are required.

Questions - contact James Brodrick (james.brodrick@hq.doe.gov)

d. Contributing SSL Technology—DOE has identified a list of some of the contributing scientific issues that are thought to limit the attainment of the DOE’s goals for SSL .  Grant applications are sought to develop enabling technologies that (1) increase external quantum efficiency of LEDs and OLEDs, (2) improve thermal management and increase device performance of high brightness (HB) LEDs, or (3) improve device life-times for LEDs and OLEDs.  Successful applications need not include the detailed commercialization strategy required for product development proposals.  The end product of the proposed projects may be intellectual property that would be available for license to a third party or may support an existing business relationship with a manufacturing partner.  

Grant applications are also sought to address one or more of the following issues only:  (1) External quantum efficiency improvements:  Internal quantum efficiencies of both LEDs and OLEDs are increasing rapidly to a point where out coupling or External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) is thought to limit the near-term manufacture of practical devices with high device efficacies.  Grant applications are sought to explore and demonstrate novel, practical and manufacturable methods to increase EQE of selected materials systems.  The chosen system must already possess a demonstrated high IQE and the application must seek to demonstrate the increase in device efficiency possible without making fundamental changes to the subject materials system or device architecture.  Applications must succinctly describe the envisioned EQE increase and include a detailed plan showing exactly how the proof of principle will be made during the Phase I period of performance.  (2) Thermal management for HB LEDs:  High brightness LEDs that are generally used for general illumination applications are limited by how much heat can be conducted away from the chip and the package.  Innovations in heat transfer strategies or materials used for substrates or packaging may provide chip and device designers the opportunity to create even more powerful devices that operate at higher current levels without suffering catastrophic thermal failures.  Grant applications are sought for high thermal capacity or transport materials and films or higher temperature tolerant structures.  Applications submitted to this subtopic must include a detailed, numeric estimate of the likely increase in device performance possible should the project demonstrate proof-of-concept.  Theoretical model predictions are acceptable Phase I deliverables but development of advanced thermal models is not included here; and (3) Lifetime Issues (LEDs & OLEDs):  HB LEDs and OLEDs intended for SSL possess limitations on lifetimes particularly when operated at high current densities required for general illumination applications but for very different technical reasons.  For HB LEDs, thermal issues and phosphor degradation are the predominant mechanisms for device failure while for OLEDs, issues associated with contaminants and defects are thought to cause early failures.  Grant applications are sought for the development of technologies that will improve device lifetimes.  These may be unique materials or device designs or any other method by which improvements to practical device lifetimes will be achieved.  Applications must include detailed lifetime estimates that identify specific mechanisms that will result in desired device lifetime improvements without compromise in efficacy or other performance metrics.  Grant applications are also sought for the development of advanced theoretical knowledge or computational models that could be used by other researchers to advance devices with improved performance. 

Questions - contact James Brodrick (james.brodrick@hq.doe.gov)

References:

1.   Solid State Lighting Portfolio Plan,” U.S. DOE Website, 2005.  (URL: http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/research.html)

2.   Craine, S. and Halliday, D., “White LEDs for Lighting Remote Communities in Developing Countries,” Solid State Lighting and Displays:  Proceedings of SPIE, 4445:39-48, December 2001.  (For ordering information and to view abstracts, see:  http://www.spie.org/app/publications/index.cfm?fuseaction=toc&volume=4445)

3.   U.S. DOE, “2005 Solid-State Lighting Multi Year Plan,” http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/SSLMultiYearPlan.pdf

4.   Schubert, E. F., “Light Emitting Diodes,” Cambridge University Press, 2003.  (ISBN:  0-521-82330-7)

5.   Zukauskas, A., et al., “Introduction to Solid State Lighting,” John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2002.  (ISBN:  0-471-21574-0)

6.   Kafafi, Z. H., ed., Organic Electroluminescence, Taylor & Francis Group, 2005.  (ISBN:  10 0-8194-5859-7) (Summary, Table of Contents, and Preface available at:  http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=DetailVolume&productid=620711)

 

7.   U.S. Lighting Market Characterization, Volume I:  National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate,” U.S. DOE, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, September 2002.  (Full text available at:  http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/PDFs/lmc_vol1_final.pdf. Click on title halfway down page under “SSL Technical Reports”.”)

 

8.   “High Intensity Discharge Lighting Technology Workshop Report,” U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, January 2006.  (Full text available at:  http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/documents/pdfs/hid_report_111505.pdf)

 

9.   “6 NYCRR Sub Part 374-3, Standards for Universal Wastes, Applicability-Lamps,” New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Effective March 15, 2002 .  (Full text available at:  http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/regs/subpart374_3.html.  Under “Contents” at center of page, click on “(e) Applicability – Lamps”.)

 

10. “Mercury Emissions from the Disposal of Fluorescent Lamps,” Final Report, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 30, 1997 .  (Full text available at:  http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/id/merc-emi/merc-pgs/merc-rpt.pdf)

 

 

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