14.
TECHnology to support NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC user Facilities
The Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, within the DOE’s Office of Science, is responsible for
current and future user facilities including the Spallation Neutron Source (
a. Synchrotron
Radiation Detectors—As synchrotron
radiation has become a ubiquitous tool across a broad area of forefront science,
the DOE supports collaborative research centers for synchrotron radiation
science. With advances in the
brightness of synchrotron radiation sources, a wide gap has developed between
the ability of these sources to deliver high photon fluxes and the ability of
detectors to measure the resulting photon, electron, or ion signals.
At the same time, advances in microelectronics engineering should make it
possible to increase data rates by orders of magnitude, and to increase energy
and spatial resolution. With the
development of fourth-generation x-ray sources with femtosecond pulse durations,
there will be a need for detectors with sub-picosecond time resolution.
Therefore, grant applications are sought to develop new detectors for
synchrotron radiation science across a broad range of applications.
Areas of interest include: (1)
area detectors for diffraction experiments; (2) area detectors for readout of
electron and ion signals; (3) detectors capable of ultra-high temporal
resolution; (4) high resolution imaging detectors; (5) detectors for high rate
fluorescence spectroscopy; and (6) detectors for high energy fluorescence
spectroscopy.
Questions - contact Roger Klaffky (roger.klaffky@science.doe.gov)
Subtopic a
References:
1.
Thompson, A., et al., “A
Program in Detector Development for the U.S. Synchrotron Radiation Community,”
White paper based on Workshop in Washington, DC, October 30-31, 2000.
(Full text available at: http://www-esg.lbl.gov/Conferences%20&%20Meetings/detectorsync/DetectorSyncWhitePaper0801.pdf)
2.
“PSD6-The Sixth
International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors,” Leicester, UK,
September 9-13, 2002, Nuclear
Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, Section A–Accelerators,
Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 477(1-3), January 21, 2002.
(ISSN: 0168-9002) (Abstracts
of papers and ordering information available at:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
(Conference Programme available at http://www.src.le.ac.uk/psd6conference2002/)
3.
4. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) Workshop
on “New Science with New Detectors,” Grenoble, France,
5.
ESRF Seventh
International Workshop on “Radiation-Imaging Detectors (IWORID-7),” Grenoble,
France, July 4-7, 2005. (Workshop Final Programme (with abstracts) currently available at http://www.esrf.fr/Conferences/IWORID7/FinalProgramme/)
6.
Proceedings of the SPIE
(International Society for Optical
Engineering): “Optics and
Photonics 2005: Ultrafast X-ray
Detectors and Applications II,”
San Diego, CA, July 31-
b. Beam Diagnostic
Instrumentation—Advanced electron-beam
diagnostic instruments are needed to support the development of X-ray Free
Electron Lasers (FEL), as well as the operation and upgrade of 3rd
generation light sources.
Grant applications are sought to develop monitors for beam
position and electron bunch length. The
beam position monitor should have sub-micron resolution and associated
electronics for both linac and storage ring applications.
The electron beam bunch length monitor should perform non-destructive
measurements, be capable of single-bunch resolution better than 100 fs, and
possess a system design that is relevant for the bunch parameters of the future
X-ray FEL and 3rd generation light sources.
Grant applications are sought to develop diagnostics
devices for measurement of electron beam emittance with high resolution. For
free-electron laser (FEL) applications, electron bunch properties need to be
measured with order of 10 µm resolution, such that the so-called “slice”
properties may be determined with sufficient accuracy. The
emittance of the beam is a critical parameter in FELs, and techniques for
non-destructive measurements allow rapid and non-invasive tuning, as well as
implementation of feedback systems for systems optimization. Possible concepts
include optical techniques employing transition radiation or synchrotron
radiation. The diagnostic should be small (< 1 m length scale) and integrate
into an operational light source.
Grant applications also are sought to develop diagnostics
for the measurement of charge modulation within an electron bunch at optical
wavelengths in the regime 50-1000 nm. Seeded
FELs utilize an inverse FEL scheme to first introduce an energy modulation into
an electron bunch; then a dispersive transport region converts the energy
modulation into a charge density modulation along the electron bunch.
The charge density is modulated with the same period as the laser, i.e.,
in the wavelength regime 50-1000 nm.
Grant applications are sought for development of
diagnostics to measure energy spread within electron bunches, with resolution of
order 10 µm. For free-electron laser (FEL) applications, electron bunch
properties need to be measured with of order 10 µm resolution, such that the
so-called “slice” properties may be determined with sufficient accuracy. The
energy spread of the beam is a critical parameter in FELs, and techniques for
accurate measurements would allow rapid tuning, as well as implementation of
feedback systems for systems optimization. Possible
concepts include optical techniques employing transition radiation or
synchrotron radiation. The installed
hardware should be small (< 1 m length scale) and integrate into an
operational light source.
Finally, grant applications are sought to develop a
diagnostic technique for the dynamic measurement of the transverse position of
the centroid of an electron bunch, as a function of position along that bunch.
The transverse wakefields in a linac may introduce the so-called
“banana shape” beam as a result of the beam-break-up instability, in which
deflecting wakefields introduce a transverse spatial offset in the electron
distribution along a bunch. Proposed
diagnostics must be able to measure this effect with spatial resolution on the
order of 1 µm, and with temporal resolution (along the bunch) of 10-100 fs, in
bunches of peak current 10-500 A.
Questions - contact Roger Klaffky (roger.klaffky@science.doe.gov)
Subtopic
b References:
1. Fiorito, R. B., “Optical Diffraction-Transition Radiation Interferometry Beam Divergence Diagnostics,” presented at the 12th Beam Instrumentation Workshop, Batavia, IL, May 1– 4, 2006. (Presentation slides available at: http://conferences.fnal.gov/biw06/tuesday_talks/TAMC0101_talk.ppt)
2.
Roehrs, M., et al., “Time-Resolved Measurements Using a
Transversely Deflecting RF-Structure,” presented at 37th ICFA Advanced Beam
Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources,
3.
Loos, H., “Instrumentation for Linac-based X-ray FELs,”
presented at the 12th Beam Instrumentation Workshop,
4. Schmüser, P., et al., “Single-Shot Longitudinal Diagnostics with THz Radiation,” presented at 37th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources, Hamburg, Germany, May 15-19, 2006 . (Full text available at: http://adweb.desy.de/mpy/FLS2006/proceedings/PAPERS/WG512.PDF)
5. Beutner, B., et al., “Beam Dynamics Experiments and Analysis in FLASH on CSR and Space Charge Effects,” presented at 37th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources, Hamburg, Germany, May 15-19, 2006 . (Abstract and presentation slides available at: http://adweb.desy.de/mpy/FLS2006/proceedings/HTML/AUTH0055.HTM)
6.
Smith, G. and Russo, T., “Proceedings of 10th Beam
Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 2002),” Upton, New York, May 2002, American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2002.
(ISBN: 0-7354-0103-9)
(AIP conference Proceedings 648) (Table of contents and ordering information
available at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/confproceed/648.jsp)
c. Technologies for
the Development of High Power Mercury Spallation Targets—Technology is
needed to mitigate cavitation damage erosion (
(1) Small gas bubbles to reduce beam-induced pressure.
A population of small gas bubbles introduced in the mercury could absorb
and attenuate the beam-induced pressure sufficiently to halt the driving
mechanism for cavitation. The
desired bubble size is approximately 10 mm
in diameter and the required void fraction approaches 1%.
Grant applications are sought to develop: (1)
techniques for generating this population of bubbles in mercury; and (2)
credible diagnostics to quantify the generated population.
(2) Protective gas layers.
Mercury, with its highly non-wetting characteristic and high surface
tension is well-suited to the formation and stabilization of large gas pockets.
Therefore, one promising option for damage mitigation involves the
creation of an interstitial gas layer between the liquid metal and the
containment vessel wall. Grant
applications are sought to develop innovative gas/liquid flow concepts for
utilizing gas layers to protect pressure-vessel surfaces from damage due to the
cavitation of flowing mercury. Approaches
of interest include: (1) the use of
radiation-hard solid materials, such as metallic porous media or screens, as
separate structures that are not part of the pressure boundary; (2) extensive
surface modifications, such as grooves or cross-hatching to increase surface
area, or (3) other geometries designed to trap gas permanently at the desired
location. Because the most
vulnerable pressure boundary surfaces in the
(3) Alternative and innovative concepts for damage
mitigation.
Grant applications also are sought for concepts for damage mitigation
aside from small gas bubbles or protective gas walls.
Proposals must demonstrate an awareness of spallation target design and
environmental requirements, with respect to high radiation and mercury
compatibility.
Questions -
contact Roger Klaffky (roger.klaffky@science.doe.gov)
Subtopic
c References:
1. Haines, J. R., et al., “Summary of Cavitation Erosion Investigations for the SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) Mercury Target,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, 343: 58-69, 2005. (ISSN: 0022-3115)
2. Futakawa, M., et al., “Pitting Damage by Pressure Waves in a Mercury Target,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, 343: 70-80, 2005. (ISSN: 0022-3115)
3. Riemer, B. W., et al., “SNS Target Tests at the LANSCE-WNR in 2001, Part I,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, 318: 92-101, 2003. (ISSN: 0022-3115)
4.
Wendel, M. W., et al., “Experiments and Simulations with Large
Gas Bubbles in Mercury Towards Establishing a Gas Layer to Mitigate Cavitation
Damage,” Proceedings of FEDSM-2006: 2006
ASME Joint U.S.
European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, Miami, Florida, July 17-20, 2006. (Paper No. FEDSM2006-98222)
(Abstract and ordering information available at:
http://store.asme.org/category.asp?catalog%5Fname=Conference+Papers&category%5Fname=Fluids+Engineering%A0&Page=1.
Click on title at 2nd bullet. Search
for 98222.)
d. Instrumentation for Ultrafast X-ray Science—The
Department of Energy seeks to advance ultrafast science dealing with physical
phenomena that occur in the range of one-trillionth of a second (one picosecond)
to less than one-quadrillionth of a second (one femtosecond).
The physical phenomena motivating this subtopic include the direct
observation of the formation and breaking of chemical bonds, and structural
rearrangements in both isolated molecules and the condensed phase.
These phenomena are typically probed using extremely short pulses of
laser light. Ultrafast technology
also would be applicable in other fields, including atomic and molecular
physics, chemistry and chemical biology, coherent control of chemical reactions,
materials sciences, magnetic- and electric field phenomena, optics, and laser
engineering.
Grant applications are sought to develop and improve laser-driven, table-top x-ray sources and critical component technologies suitable for ultrafast characterization of transient structures of energized molecules undergoing dissociation, isomerization, or intramolecular energy redistribution. The x-ray sources may be based on, for example, high-harmonic generation to create bursts of x-rays on subfemtosecond time scales, laser-driven Thomson scattering and betatron emission, and laser-driven K-shell emission. Approaches of interest include: (1) high-average-power ultrafast sources that achieve the state-of-the-art in short-pulse duration, phase stabilization and coherence, and high duty cycle; (2) driving lasers that operate at wavelengths longer than typical in current CPA titanium sapphire laser systems; and (3) characterization and control technologies capable of measuring and controlling the intensity, temporal, spectral, and phase characteristics of these ultrashort x-ray pulses.
Questions -
contact Michael Casassa
(michael.casassa@science.doe.gov
)
Subtopic d References:
1. “The Science and Applications of Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers (SAUUL): Opportunities in Science and Technology Using the Brightest Light Known to Man,” Report on the SAUUL workshop sponsored by DOE and NSF, 2002. (Full text available at: http://www.er.doe.gov/bes/chm/Publications/SAUUL_report_final.pdf)
2.
“National Task Force on High Energy Density Physics, Frontiers
for Discovery in High Energy Density Physics,”
3. Kapteyn, H. C., et al., “Extreme Nonlinear Optics: Coherent X Rays from Lasers," Physics Today, 58: 39, 2005. (Full text available at: http://jilawww.colorado.edu/kmgroup/papers/HK_PhysicsToday_0305.pdf)
4. Phuoc, K. T., et al., “Laser-Based Synchrotron Radiation,” Physics of Plasmas, 12: 023101, January 2005. (Full text available at: http://loa.ensta.fr/pxf/Articles/pop_2005.pdf)
5. Jiang, Y., et al., “Generation of Ultrashort Hard-X-ray Pulses with Tabletop Laser Systems at a 2-kHz Repetition Rate,” Journal of the Optical Society of America, B20: 229 – 237, 2003. (Full text available at: http://www.rosepetruck.chem.brown.edu/Publications/Papers/03_JOSA_B_20_p229_Y_Jiang.pdf)
6. Seres, J., et al., “Source of Coherent Kiloelectronvolt X-Rays,” Nature, 433: 596, 2005. (ISSN: b0028-0836)
Return to the Complete List of Topics
| Program Information, Instructions and Requirements | Technical Topic Descriptions | Download Program Information | Download Technical Topics |